大多数联邦学生援助是基于需求的，考虑到预期的家庭贡献(EFC)。. 基于需求的经济援助有三种基本类型:
- 助学金及奖学金, 这被认为是礼物援助，通常不需要偿还(有时如果学生退学，需要偿还);
- Work-Study, which is money that you earn by working part-time while in school; and
- Loans, 哪些资金是你(或你的父母)借的，必须偿还, 通常是在你离开学校之后.
下表详细介绍了由美国教育部管理的主要联邦学生援助项目.S. 教育部. 并不是所有的学校都参与了列出的所有项目.
|
Program |
Description |
Application |
年度/总金额 |
Eligibility* |
Repayment Required |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Federal Pell Grant |
Grant |
FAFSA |
|
|
No |
|
联邦补充教育机会补助金(FSEOG) |
Campus-based grant program; funds awarded by Institution |
每年申请FAFSA |
|
|
No |
|
联邦勤工俭学
|
Campus-based employment program; funds awarded by Institution |
每年申请FAFSA |
|
|
No |
|
联邦直接学生贷款(直接贷款)-补贴和无补贴贷款** |
Direct Loan funds from federal government; fixed interest rate |
每年申请FAFSA; MPN obtained from Direct Loan school |
|
|
Yes; begins 6 months after cessation of at least half-time enrollment; deferment possible; no interest subsidy on unsubsidized loan |
|
FFEL/Direct PLUS** |
FFEL funds from private lenders; Direct Loan funds from federal government; 8.FFEL PLUS及7的固定利率为5%.直接贷款PLUS的固定利率为9% |
每年申请FAFSA; PLUS MPN obtained from FFEL school or lender or from Direct Loan school |
没有年度或合计金额, 除父母或研究生/专业学生外，学生的贷款不得超过就读费用与学生期望获得的其他经济援助之间的差额 |
|
Yes; begins 60 days after fully disbursed |